This Sunday is “Gaudete”
Sunday, from the Latin gaudete,
“Rejoice!” which traditionally begins the introit for this Mass, taken from
Phil. 4:4. Many parishes will mark this
Sunday with rose-colored vestments (not “pink”—“pink” is not a liturgical
color!), and the theme of joy runs through the readings and the liturgy.
Gaudete Sunday marks the liturgical
half-way point of Advent, and the Church rejoices because Jesus’ coming is
near. This year, since Christmas falls early
in the fourth week of Advent, Gaudete Sunday falls only a little more than a
week (!) (nine days, to be exact) before that holy day!
1. Our First Reading is Zephaniah 3:14-18a:
Shout for joy, O daughter Zion!
Sing joyfully, O Israel!
Be glad and exult with all your heart,
O daughter Jerusalem!
The LORD has removed the judgment against you
he has turned away your enemies;
the King of Israel, the LORD, is in your midst,
you have no further misfortune to fear.
On that day, it shall be said to Jerusalem:
Fear not, O Zion, be not discouraged!
The LORD, your God, is in your midst,
a mighty savior;
he will rejoice over you with gladness,
and renew you in his love,
he will sing joyfully because of you,
as one sings at festivals.
Sing joyfully, O Israel!
Be glad and exult with all your heart,
O daughter Jerusalem!
The LORD has removed the judgment against you
he has turned away your enemies;
the King of Israel, the LORD, is in your midst,
you have no further misfortune to fear.
On that day, it shall be said to Jerusalem:
Fear not, O Zion, be not discouraged!
The LORD, your God, is in your midst,
a mighty savior;
he will rejoice over you with gladness,
and renew you in his love,
he will sing joyfully because of you,
as one sings at festivals.
Zephaniah prophesied during
the reign of one of the last kings of Judah (Josiah, 641-609 BC), and had
mostly condemnatory things to say about Judah and the surrounding nations. The conclusion of his prophecy, however, from
which this First Reading is taken, speaks in glowing terms of a restoration God
will enact far in the future.
In this reading, the faithful
people of God are personified as “daughter Zion,” and the LORD is described as
a bridegroom. The language of “rejoice
over you,” “renew you in his love,” “sing joyfully because of you,” describes
the behavior of a bridegroom. Many Advent/Christmas texts have nuptial themes,
because the incarnation of Christ is the “wedding” of two natures, human and
divine. God weds his nature to ours in
Christ. Furthermore, Jesus is the
promised “bridegroom king” from the line of David, fulfilling many texts which
describe the king from the line of David as the ideal spouse.
In this Sunday’s Mass, this
text encourages us to be glad for the coming of Jesus our bridegroom king. The Reading also looks forward to various
forms of communion that we experience with Jesus our bridegroom. The Eucharist, where we receive his body into
ours and become “one flesh” with him, is a very intimate act of union with
Christ. There is also unitive prayer,
the highest form of prayer, where we are joined with him in Spirit and pass
through the stage of discourse through words into a deeper union that surpasses
words.
2. The Responsorial Psalm is Isaiah 12:2-3,
4, 5-6:
R.
(6) Cry out with joy and gladness: for among you is the great and Holy One of
Israel.
God indeed is my savior;
I am confident and unafraid.
My strength and my courage is the LORD,
and he has been my savior.
With joy you will draw water
at the fountain of salvation.
God indeed is my savior;
I am confident and unafraid.
My strength and my courage is the LORD,
and he has been my savior.
With joy you will draw water
at the fountain of salvation.
R. Cry out with joy and gladness: for among you is the great and Holy One of Israel.
Give thanks to the LORD, acclaim his name;
among the nations make known his deeds,
proclaim how exalted is his name.
R. Cry out with joy and gladness: for among you is the great and Holy One of Israel.
Sing praise to the LORD for his glorious achievement;
let this be known throughout all the earth.
Shout with exultation, O city of Zion,
for great in your midst
is the Holy One of Israel!
The first twelve chapters of
Isaiah are like a synopsis of the entire book, and at the end of it comes this
chapter, a doxology in which the prophet praises God for the plan of salvation
that has been revealed in the previous eleven chapters, especially the
immediately preceding one (Isaiah 11), which speaks directly of the Messiah,
the “shoot from the stump of Jesse” who will be “anointed with the Spirit” (Isa
11:1-2)
The joyful theme of this
doxology fits the mood of this Mass, and ties with the first reading through
the motif of God being “in the midst” of his people.
3. The Second Reading is the traditional introit
for this Mass, Philippians 4:4-7:
Brothers and sisters:
Rejoice in the Lord always.
I shall say it again: rejoice!
Your kindness should be known to all.
The Lord is near.
Have no anxiety at all, but in everything,
by prayer and petition, with thanksgiving,
make your requests known to God.
Then the peace of God that surpasses all understanding
will guard your hearts and minds in Christ Jesus.
Rejoice in the Lord always.
I shall say it again: rejoice!
Your kindness should be known to all.
The Lord is near.
Have no anxiety at all, but in everything,
by prayer and petition, with thanksgiving,
make your requests known to God.
Then the peace of God that surpasses all understanding
will guard your hearts and minds in Christ Jesus.
As Advent draws to a close, this reading reminds us
“the Lord is near.” Of course he is
always near to us, but in Advent we undergo a liturgical-spiritual exercise of
living through the expectation of his arrival, as if we were Israelites living
under the Old Covenant all over again.
St. Paul’s advice in this
reading is some of his most intensely practical teaching. He gives some keys to a lifestyle of
rejoicing: (1) not being anxious, through abandonment to God’s providence, (2)
showing kindness to everyone, (3) making constant practice of prayer as an
antidote to worry, including intercession, supplication, and especially thanksgiving in our prayer. How often we forget to include thanksgiving,
and how important it is for the maintenance of joy on both a psychological and
spiritual level!
This passage is actually my
“life verse,” if you will. I’ve probably
given more sermons and talks on this passage than on any other in
Scripture. I have it memorized and often
recite it at night when I wake up, say, at 3AM and can’t get back to sleep due
to anxiety. I recommend to others who
are given to fretting, as I am. This is
an especially useful passage for the present stage of the Church’s life we are
undergoing, with a new scandal or doctrinal confusion almost daily reported in
the news. It can be helpful to just stop
following the news, because so much happens in the world and the Church about
which there is little we can do but pray, and the news can be a distracting
impediment to prayer. Now is a time for
lay Catholics to do the only thing we can, which is strive to live a holy life
in the midst of our circumstances, and ask God to bring peace and clarity
within the governance of the Church and the world.
4. The Gospel is Luke 3:10-18:
The crowds asked John the Baptist,
"What should we do?"
He said to them in reply,
"Whoever has two cloaks
should share with the person who has none.
And whoever has food should do likewise."
Even tax collectors came to be baptized and they said to him,
"Teacher, what should we do?"
He answered them,
"Stop collecting more than what is prescribed."
Soldiers also asked him,
"And what is it that we should do?"
He told them,
"Do not practice extortion,
do not falsely accuse anyone,
and be satisfied with your wages."
Now the people were filled with expectation,
and all were asking in their hearts
whether John might be the Christ.
John answered them all, saying,
"I am baptizing you with water,
but one mightier than I is coming.
I am not worthy to loosen the thongs of his sandals.
He will baptize you with the Holy Spirit and fire.
His winnowing fan is in his hand to clear his threshing floor
and to gather the wheat into his barn,
but the chaff he will burn with unquenchable fire.
Exhorting them in many other ways,
he preached good news to the people.
"What should we do?"
He said to them in reply,
"Whoever has two cloaks
should share with the person who has none.
And whoever has food should do likewise."
Even tax collectors came to be baptized and they said to him,
"Teacher, what should we do?"
He answered them,
"Stop collecting more than what is prescribed."
Soldiers also asked him,
"And what is it that we should do?"
He told them,
"Do not practice extortion,
do not falsely accuse anyone,
and be satisfied with your wages."
Now the people were filled with expectation,
and all were asking in their hearts
whether John might be the Christ.
John answered them all, saying,
"I am baptizing you with water,
but one mightier than I is coming.
I am not worthy to loosen the thongs of his sandals.
He will baptize you with the Holy Spirit and fire.
His winnowing fan is in his hand to clear his threshing floor
and to gather the wheat into his barn,
but the chaff he will burn with unquenchable fire.
Exhorting them in many other ways,
he preached good news to the people.
This Sunday marks the last
time in Advent when our attention is going to be focused on the figure of John
the Baptist, the one who announced the coming of Jesus. In this reading, we see a shift from his
teaching to his prophecy of the one who was to come after him, Jesus. Yet this Gospel is a bit bracing: talking
about “burning up the chaff with unquenchable fire” doesn’t seem to fit the
theme of rejoicing that characterizes this liturgy? So how does this Gospel
relate to the theme of rejoicing, and how can we really rejoice this Sunday,
despite all the challenges that face us personally and in the wider culture? The call to rejoice may seem a little
hollow. We are facing so many challenges
on a personal and public level. There
are financial stresses, health problems, deadlines at work, dysfunctional
relationships with family members. On a
culture-wide perspective, there are widespread terrorist attacks, political
setbacks, various forms of persecution from the annoying to the lethal,
scandalous controversy with mutual public recriminations among prelates within
the Church, new allegations of abuse with the Church, a general hostility to
religion and particularly Catholicism, and a worldwide contracting
economy. So, in the midst of this, how
do we rejoice?
Its healthy to remind
ourselves that the Good News is not that Jesus came to give us an upper-class
lifestyle with a two-stall garage, three kids, and a house in the suburbs for
the duration of our lifetime. One cannot
find any such articulation of the Gospel in the New Testament. Instead, one finds expressions like, “if
anyone would come after me, let him deny himself, take up his cross daily, and
follow me” (Luke 9:23). Or “Blessed are
those persecuted for righteousness sake, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven” (Matt
5:12). Or “In this world you will have
trouble; but take heart, I have overcome the world!” (John 16:33).
We need to keep reminding
ourselves that the Good News is not a plan for temporal comfort in this life,
because it is our tendency to revert to thinking that it is. And when we look around and see that things
are not comfortable, even after 2000 years, we mistakenly think the Good News
has not worked.
The Good News is about
eternal life with God through Jesus Christ, which starts now, but won’t be directly
seen until the life in the world to come!
The Good News really is about heaven, and what lies beyond the grave!
Temporal comfort is not the
answer to our deepest needs. Even if
Jesus were to give everyone who believes in him total economic and political
stability for the duration of our temporal life, it would not satisfy the
longing of the human heart, which is made for so much more.
People sometimes warn of
“being too heavenly minded to be any earthly good.” That is not biblical. On the contrary, one has to be “heavenly
minded” to be any “earthly good,” because only the “heavenly minded” have the
joy and courage to endure the sacrifices necessary to make substantial
contributions to the “earthly good.”
The exhortation to rejoice in
the first two readings and psalm are not based on some external reality, but on
an interior and eternal reality: that Christ has come, and taken up residence
in our hearts, giving us communion with God even now, and in the life to come. This is truly Good News!
The Gospel Reading can be
seen as an application of that Good News.
Share your food and your clothes with the poor, the Baptist tells the
people. Be content with your proper
wages, he tells the tax collectors and soldiers. Such are the actions of people who are not
living for this life. If this life was
all there was, the logical thing to do would be to hoard your food and clothes,
and strive to make money any way possible.
What permits this joyful lifestyle of sharing and contentment is the
confidence that we are headed for an eternal reward that makes temporal wealth
seem insignificant in comparison. As St.
Paul says, “I consider that the sufferings of this present time are not worth
comparing with the glory that is to be revealed to us.”
This Gaudete Sunday gives us
the opportunity to remind ourselves what the Gospel really is all about, why we
should be people of joy, and how to live the generous lifestyle of people who
aren’t living for the here and now.
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