This Sunday, as we continue
to accompany Jesus on his fateful journey to Jerusalem in the Gospel of Luke,
we are confronted with a pair of Readings in which human beings host a meal for
God: Abraham for the LORD in the First Reading; Martha and Mary for Jesus in
the Gospel. But is it really possible
for us to “do God a favor” by giving him a nice meal? We are going to discover that, while God
graciously accepts our services, it’s really about what God does for us, not
what we can do for him.
1. The First Reading is Gn 18:1-10a:
The LORD appeared to Abraham by the terebinth of
Mamre,
as he sat in the entrance of his tent,
while the day was growing hot.
Looking up, Abraham saw three men standing nearby.
When he saw them, he ran from the entrance of the tent to greet them;
and bowing to the ground, he said:
“Sir, if I may ask you this favor,
please do not go on past your servant.
Let some water be brought, that you may bathe your feet,
and then rest yourselves under the tree.
Now that you have come this close to your servant,
let me bring you a little food, that you may refresh yourselves;
and afterward you may go on your way.”
The men replied, “Very well, do as you have said.”
Abraham hastened into the tent and told Sarah,
“Quick, three measures of fine flour! Knead it and make rolls.”
He ran to the herd, picked out a tender, choice steer,
and gave it to a servant, who quickly prepared it.
Then Abraham got some curds and milk,
as well as the steer that had been prepared,
and set these before the three men;
and he waited on them under the tree while they ate.
They asked Abraham, “Where is your wife Sarah?”
He replied, “There in the tent.”
One of them said, “I will surely return to you about this time next year,
and Sarah will then have a son.”
as he sat in the entrance of his tent,
while the day was growing hot.
Looking up, Abraham saw three men standing nearby.
When he saw them, he ran from the entrance of the tent to greet them;
and bowing to the ground, he said:
“Sir, if I may ask you this favor,
please do not go on past your servant.
Let some water be brought, that you may bathe your feet,
and then rest yourselves under the tree.
Now that you have come this close to your servant,
let me bring you a little food, that you may refresh yourselves;
and afterward you may go on your way.”
The men replied, “Very well, do as you have said.”
Abraham hastened into the tent and told Sarah,
“Quick, three measures of fine flour! Knead it and make rolls.”
He ran to the herd, picked out a tender, choice steer,
and gave it to a servant, who quickly prepared it.
Then Abraham got some curds and milk,
as well as the steer that had been prepared,
and set these before the three men;
and he waited on them under the tree while they ate.
They asked Abraham, “Where is your wife Sarah?”
He replied, “There in the tent.”
One of them said, “I will surely return to you about this time next year,
and Sarah will then have a son.”
This very beautiful and
mysterious narrative has always suggested a mystical appearance of the Holy
Trinity in the Christian tradition, and countless icons have taken their
inspiration from it.
Certainly there is an intriguing
interplay of one and three in the text.
The text says, “The LORD appeared to Abraham,” in the singular; but
three men show up. When Abraham greets
the men in Hebrew, he begins by addressing them in the second person singular
(“you”) and then switches to second person plural (“y’all”). So are they one or three? Yes!
The context of this meal is
important. In the immediately preceding
textual unit (Genesis 17) God had re-made his covenant with Abraham (first made
in Genesis 15), introducing some revised terms, such as circumcision as the
mark of the covenant. God also
incorporates the promise of kingship as a term of the covenant, and specifies
that the son of Sarah—Abraham’s first-and-should-have-been-only wife—will be
the heir of the covenant. Now, in our
present chapter, the LORD shows up to have a meal with Abraham.
Meals are important covenant
rituals. Covenants form unrelated
persons into family members. Families
eat together. It is a sign of communion
and relationship. Having formed a
covenant with Abraham, the LORD now appears to share a family meal with
him. In this meal, Abraham is eager to
serve the LORD and feed “them” well. He
wants to be a good host. But this meal
is not about what Abraham can do for the LORD.
Do we really think these three angelic visitors needed material
food? Instead, this meal is about what
the LORD can do for Abraham: provide him a son and heir, in fulfillment of his
covenant promises.
R.
(1a) He who does justice will live in the presence of the Lord.
One who walks blamelessly and does justice;
who thinks the truth in his heart
and slanders not with his tongue.
R. He who does justice will live in the presence of the Lord.
Who harms not his fellow man,
nor takes up a reproach against his neighbor;
by whom the reprobate is despised,
while he honors those who fear the LORD.
R. He who does justice will live in the presence of the Lord.
Who lends not his money at usury
and accepts no bribe against the innocent.
One who does these things
shall never be disturbed.
R. He who does justice will live in the presence of the Lord.
One who walks blamelessly and does justice;
who thinks the truth in his heart
and slanders not with his tongue.
R. He who does justice will live in the presence of the Lord.
Who harms not his fellow man,
nor takes up a reproach against his neighbor;
by whom the reprobate is despised,
while he honors those who fear the LORD.
R. He who does justice will live in the presence of the Lord.
Who lends not his money at usury
and accepts no bribe against the innocent.
One who does these things
shall never be disturbed.
R. He who does justice will live in the presence of the Lord.
Since the First Reading and
Gospel are both about sharing intimate communion with God (in fact, sharing a
meal with God), the Psalm reminds us of what sort of persons we need to be to
have this privilege of “living in the presence of the LORD.” To live in the presence of the LORD requires
that we do justice, think the truth, refrain from slander, from harm, and
criticism of others, from usury and bribes.
It requires that we encourage those who honor the LORD and refrain from
honoring atheists and those who mock faith in God (“the reprobate”).
These “rules” are not meant
as a restraint on our lifestyle, but as a path to happiness. Can the man truly be happy who commits
injustice to others; believes in falsehoods; slanders, harms, and criticizes
those around him; charges unfair interest and takes bribes; who mocks and humiliates
those who worship God, and encourages blasphemers and atheists? Can that person be joyful and content? Even if he is successful for a while in
avoiding retaliation from all those he has harmed, I submit that man cannot be
happy because he cannot have interior peace.
The practice of evil is its own punishment, even apart from the negative
consequences it inevitably provokes.
Brothers and sisters:
Now I rejoice in my sufferings for your sake,
and in my flesh I am filling up
what is lacking in the afflictions of Christ
on behalf of his body, which is the church,
of which I am a minister
in accordance with God’s stewardship given to me
to bring to completion for you the word of God,
the mystery hidden from ages and from generations past.
But now it has been manifested to his holy ones,
to whom God chose to make known the riches of the glory
of this mystery among the Gentiles;
it is Christ in you, the hope for glory.
It is he whom we proclaim,
admonishing everyone and teaching everyone with all wisdom,
that we may present everyone perfect in Christ.
Now I rejoice in my sufferings for your sake,
and in my flesh I am filling up
what is lacking in the afflictions of Christ
on behalf of his body, which is the church,
of which I am a minister
in accordance with God’s stewardship given to me
to bring to completion for you the word of God,
the mystery hidden from ages and from generations past.
But now it has been manifested to his holy ones,
to whom God chose to make known the riches of the glory
of this mystery among the Gentiles;
it is Christ in you, the hope for glory.
It is he whom we proclaim,
admonishing everyone and teaching everyone with all wisdom,
that we may present everyone perfect in Christ.
At this time in the
Lectionary cycle, we are reading semi-continuously through the Epistle to the
Colossians. Today’s reading is profound,
but we will focus on just one striking statement by St. Paul: “I rejoice in my sufferings for your sake,
and in my flesh I am filling up what is lacking in the afflictions of Christ.”
and in my flesh I am filling up what is lacking in the afflictions of Christ.”
In an essay on the topic of
faith and works, Dr. Michael Barber quotes St. Thomas Aquinas on this passage
of Colossians:
[This
could be misinterpreted as teaching] that the passion of Christ was not
sufficient for our redemption, and that the sufferings of the saints were added
to complete it …. But this is heretical, because the blood of Christ is
sufficient to redeem many worlds….
Rather, we should understand that Christ and the Church are one mystical
person, whose head is Christ, and show body is all the just, for every just
person is a member of this head: “individually members” (1 Cor. 12:27)…. We could say that Paul was completing the
sufferings that were lacking in his own flesh.
For what was lacking was that, just as Christ had suffered in his own
body, so he should also suffer in Paul, his member, and in similar ways in others.
[Thomas Aquinas, Commentary on Colossians
(trans. F. R. Larcher; Naples: Sapientia, 2006)].
This is one of the places in
Scripture that teach us the doctrine of redemptive
suffering, that as Christians we will and indeed must suffer in this life,
but our sufferings are participations in the suffering of Jesus, and as such
have value in God’s eyes and advance the salvation of the whole world.
The truth of redemptive
suffering is lost in Christian groups that teach “salvation by faith alone”
understood as a path to heaven that involves believing, but not necessarily a
transformation of one’s thought and behavior, much less the endurance of
suffering for Christ’s sake. This was
the kind of Christianity I was partially raised in. Thankfully, however, on a practical level
there was a greater recognition for the need to transform behavior than there
was on a theoretical level. Sometimes
one’s religion can be better than one’s theology.
The theology of redemptive
suffering spoke powerfully to my wife and I, especially to my wife, who has had
more than the “usual” share of suffering in life. It was part of what led to her conversion to
the Christian faith. The famous Austrain
psychiatrist Viktor Frankl, a survivor of the Holocaust and the Nazi death
camps, argues in his rightly famous book Man’s Search for Meaning that
almost any suffering can be endured by the human psyche provided the human
sufferer sees meaning in it. I think
Frankl is right, so far as it goes, but what is lacking in his book and his
counseling method, called logotherapy, is that he does not provide a
metaphysical reason to believe that there is meaning in life. He would help his patients invent their own
meaning, but this is unsatisfying, because finite creatures cannot make a
meaningless world meaningful by an act of their will—its just an exercise in
imagination, and we know it. What Frankl
and logotherapy needs is the Christian faith.
The Christian faith is the best framework for psychiatric health in world
civilization, because the the cross provides the way to find meaning in any
situation of suffering. If God can bring
the salvation of the world out of the worst evil in human history—the shameful
torture and execution of the only perfectly innocent human being ever to live—than
surely he is able to bring good out of the lesser sufferings we face. The Christian faith asserts and provides
evidence to believe that there is a God who has a purpose to this creation—a good
purpose, capable of incorporating even the tragedies that we witness into a
larger goal of making human beings suitable to dwell forever in the presence of
furnace of God’s love, i.e. heaven.
Jesus entered a village
where a woman whose name was Martha welcomed him.
She had a sister named Mary
who sat beside the Lord at his feet listening to him speak.
Martha, burdened with much serving, came to him and said,
“Lord, do you not care
that my sister has left me by myself to do the serving?
Tell her to help me.”
The Lord said to her in reply,
“Martha, Martha, you are anxious and worried about many things.
There is need of only one thing.
Mary has chosen the better part
and it will not be taken from her.”
where a woman whose name was Martha welcomed him.
She had a sister named Mary
who sat beside the Lord at his feet listening to him speak.
Martha, burdened with much serving, came to him and said,
“Lord, do you not care
that my sister has left me by myself to do the serving?
Tell her to help me.”
The Lord said to her in reply,
“Martha, Martha, you are anxious and worried about many things.
There is need of only one thing.
Mary has chosen the better part
and it will not be taken from her.”
In this part of Luke, Jesus
has begun his “death march” to Jerusalem, where he will celebrate the great
familial meal par excellence that
will form the New Covenant. On his way,
he stops in the home of Mary and Martha to share a meal with them.
Like Abraham, Martha and Mary
have the opportunity to host God at a meal in their home.
Martha and Mary have
different attitudes toward Jesus in their home.
Mary is concerned about what Jesus can give to her, and sits soaking up
his teaching. Martha is concerned with
what she can do for Jesus, and is busy about serving the food.
But does a man who can
multiply loaves to feed 5,000 really need someone to bring him food?
Martha is not
ill-intentioned, and Jesus treats her gently.
“Martha, Martha …”—the repetition of her name is a sign of affection and
love. He understands her mindset and
knows that her desire to serve is ultimately also an expression of love for
him, even if misguided.
“You are worried about many things, but there is need
of only one thing.”
What is the “one thing”? Some suggest Martha was serving an elaborate
meal and Jesus is suggesting a single dish would have sufficed. Perhaps that is true. But Scripture has layers of meaning. On a deeper level, the “one thing” that is
necessary is communion with God.
Finally, this is the only thing that matters, and it is all we will do
and enjoy in eternity.
Martha’s great business
causes her to lose communion with Jesus.
So busy serving, she is not spending any time with him.
There is a pleasing
illustration of Martha’s attitude in an excellent German film marketed in the
US under the title “Mostly Martha.” The
lead character—not accidentally named Martha—is a German cook obsessed with perfection,
who has forgotten that food and eating are ultimately forms of communion with
other persons, an expression of love and fellowship. In the course of the film—and through much
pain—she learns to open herself to a communion of love with her young niece and
a fellow chef who becomes her husband. She
comes to understand meals not simply as a chance for her to display artistic
and scientific prowess, but as opportunity for the communion of persons. The whole movie is very much applicable to
the themes of this Sunday’s Readings.
But back to the Gospel
reading: Martha’s problem is that she is too concerned about what she can do
for Jesus, when it is really about what Jesus can do for her.
Mary seems to understand
this, as she sits at Jesus’ feet. About
Mary, we can apply a pleasing interpretation of an important Old Testament
text. After the Sinai Covenant was
solemnized in Exod 24:1-8, the leaders of Israel went up on Mt. Sinai, and they
shared a meal with God: “They beheld God, and ate and drank” (Ex 24:11). Some ancient Rabbis took this to mean, “They
looked at God and in this way they ate and drank.” In other words, the Beatific Vision was their
sustenance. We can apply this verse to
Mary: while Martha tries to prepare a physical meal, Mary beholds Jesus and
that is sustenance enough for her. We
can meditate on this concept in Eucharistic Adoration.
This Sunday, we hear these
words proclaimed at the Mass, our own covenant meal with God present. Yet we need to remember, the Mass is not
something we do for God, nor is it a meal we host for God. The Mass is something God does for us; He is
the host of the meal.
We don’t do God a favor by
showing up for Church on Sunday and throwing something into the plate. This does nothing for God. It does not enhance his dignity or add
anything to his power or glory.
God does us a favor by
hosting a meal for us every Sunday in which he offers Himself to us as food, in
the most intimate act of communion with Himself imaginable.
Mass is not about what we do
for God, but about what God does for us.
At this Sunday’s Mass, let’s pray more intensely for God to work in our
hearts, to forgive our sin and transform the way we think and act, that we can
become like the man of Psalm 15 who is suitable to dwell in God’s presence; or
like Mary, who understood the “one thing” necessary and was willing to say “No”
to distractions and demands in order to soak in the presence and teaching of
Jesus.
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